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What is Six Sigma ?
An Explanation of Six Sigma Goals and Processes
Developed and championed by Motorola engineers in the
1980's, Six Sigma is an attempt to increase traditional quality levels
from measuring defects per thousands to measuring defects per millions.
Six Sigma methodology addresses variability in design, production, services,
processes and measurement. Decreasing a process's variability increases
control and predictability of the process, resulting in increased quality,
reliability and performance, while reducing cost. There are four main sources
of process variation:
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Poor design resulting from bad design practices, unrealistic or
unclear requirements and requirement shift and creep
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Variation in a manufacturing process due to varying manpower levels,
work methods and ethics, environmental factors, training and machine wear
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Variation in measurement systems due to improper calibration and
implementation
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Variation in parts and supplies from venders and subcontractors
The name Six Sigma refers to the six standard deviations in process's normal
distribution. Like groupings on target, Six Sigma's goal is a process centered
within a specification and having very little variation, as shown in Figure
1.
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Scattered
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Centered with High Variation
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Off-Center with Low Variation
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Centered with Low Variation
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Figure 1. - Process Distributions
As a team project, Six Sigma has five phases:
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Design - In the Design Phase, the team identifies the problem and
project scope.
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Measurement - In the Measurement Phase, the team identifies critical
characteristics, maps the value stream and validates a measurement system.
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Analysis - In the Analysis Phase, the team determines the current
process capability and causal relationships in the process and identifies
variability.
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Improvement - In the Improvement Phase, the team conducts experiments
, identifies variable relationships and takes corrective action.
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Control - In the Control Phase, the team monitors performance, determines
the new process's capability and analyzes the process to identify and eliminate
potential mistake activities.
This Six Sigma process is commonly referred to by its acronym
DMAIC.
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What is Six Sigma ? An Explanation of Six Sigma Goals
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